Midsummer Nights Dream Essays (1259 words) - Fiction, Literature

Midsummer Night's Dream The Elements of Fantasy vs. Reality The elements of fantasy in a Midsummer Night's Dream are apparent throughout the movie and there are many examples of this that relate to the real world. In the play the fantasy world and real world exist apart from each other, never meeting at any point. The inhabitants of the fairy world are unreal in the sense that they lack feelings and intelligence. The dream world, beyond mortal's comprehension, strongly influences the entire realm of ordinary life. By nature of their humanity, Oberon's power causes vulnerability in the human world. This fairy kingdom is essentially a dream, which appears whenever reason goes to sleep, and during this time Oberon controls all things. Such illusions and dreams, created by Oberon, can be dangerous if they block out human's perception of reality. As the play proves, these dreams perform an important function in life. The fairies never think and love, which explains all of the deceit and odd events that go on during the play. This is acceptable in their world, because all the laws that govern the world of reality have no existence in the dream world. The lover's fall between these two worlds and are affected by both. The fairies make fools of the lovers, because humans are not accustomed to the fairy's realm. In the real world, Hermia is sensible and Lysander is reasonable. They want to be together even against Egeus' commands, which is reasonable thinking. As soon as the two are alone, imagination takes control of them and they are blinded as to the misfortunes that are bound to cross the course of true love. This causes them to run away. Shakespeare's imagination is vast enough to house fairy realms and the world of reality, including all the peculiar manifestations of either place. Also the ability to describe the separate and often quite dissimilar regions of the play's universe by drawing on the rich resources of poetry. The words moon and water dominate the poetry of the play. Four happy days bring in another moon: but, O, me thinks, how slow. This old moon wanes! She lingers my desires. As a result of their enormous allusive potential, these images engender am entire network of interlocking symbols that greatly enrich the text. The moon, water, and wet flowers conspire to extend the world of the play until it is as large as all imaginable life. The mood and water also explain the play's mystery and naturality. The pattern of the play is controlled and ordered by a series of vital contrasts: the conflict of the sleeping and waking states, the interchange of reality and illusion, reason and imagination, and the disparate spheres of the influence of Theseus and Oberon. All is related to the portrayal of the dream state. In this dramatic world where dreams are a reliable source of vision and insight, consistently truer than reality, they seek to interpret and transform. The imagery establishes the dream world in A Midsummer Night's Dream. The night creates a mysterious mood. At night, the fairy realm takes control. These fairies are brainless and deceitful, which leads to controversy between the mortals. The two worlds, united by moonlight, are active during their respectable times of the day. In the play, the fairy world is dominant, because there is only one scene containing daylight. In Bierce's An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge there is a lot of absurd dream logic at the end of the story both in Fahrquhar's reflections and his situation: the noose about his neck was already suffocating him and kept the water from his lungs, and so is some kind of protection. This ignores the other effect of strangulation. The description Whenever I see a literary classic turned into a movie with its author's name as part of the already well-known title, I regard it as a danger sign. Remember Bram Stoker's Dracula, Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina, and the overextended music video known as William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet? Given the less-than-likely prospect of anyone supposing that Dracula, Anna Karenina, and Romeo and Juliet might be written by anyone but their respective illustrious authors, the tacking on of their names seems

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example The Taming of the Shrew Paper The Taming of the Shrew Paper Essay Topic: The Taming Of the Shrew In this essay I will thoroughly discuss the treatment of women in the film The Taming of the Shrew. I would have to say that my first impression of women in this film was that they where treated very harshly compared to men, they where treated like mens possessions; like slaves basically. They would have no money and also they were not allowed to decide who they wanted to marry, it was their fathers decision. Compared to men, they where the superior people. They ordered women and treated them like slaves. However, after a close analysis of Kates final speech my opinions changed dramatically towards the treatment of women in The Taming of the shrew. I think this because Kate in her final speech changes vividly as she lectures all the women how to treat their husbands. I will go through thorough analysis of Kates final speech later in this essay. In Elizabethan times, men were considered to be the leaders and women their inferiors. Women were also regarded as the weaker sex, not just in terms of physical strength, but emotionally too. Furthermore, it was understood that women always needed someone to look after them. For example, if a woman was married then her husband would be excepted to look after her but if she was single, then her father or brother was expected to take care of her. Women were also not allowed to go through many professions i.e. medicine, law and politics, but they were allowed to work as maids or they could work in domestic service as cooks. Moreover, a good women in Elizabethan times was described as virgin, patient, gentle and quiet. A good women was also virtuous, pretty, shy, holy and had respect for her husband. However, a bad women was considered to be annoying, loud, excessive and ugly. A bad women would also be on that talks too much, one that is unholy, promiscuous and had no respect for her husband. Bad women where often described as the cabinet of horror, scream of an owl or the claw of a crocodile. A good example of this would be Kate in the start of this story. Shakespeare shows how women were mistreated in the scenes. For example, in Act 1 Scene 2, Petruchio explains that hes only in Padua to find a wealthy wife. He doesnt care what shes like, or who she is, as long as she has money. This shows us that men only wanted women for their wealth but not for their personality. This also gives us the impression that when men marry a wealthy women they would not really take care of her, they would only care about the money. This also hints out that women were treated as slaves. Furthermore, in Act 3 Scene 2, Petruchio shows up to the wedding late and in scruffy clothes to embarrass Katherina and which makes her extremely upset. She gets even more upset when he forces and tells her to leave the reception early to go back to his house. There was a storm during their journey home and Kate falls in the mud but Petruchio didnt help her at all. This proves to us that again women where mistreated in Elizabethan times. Another example would be in, Act 1 Scene 1; Baptista declares that his youngest daughter may not be wooed until his eldest daughter finds a husband. This shows that women were dominated by the men in their life, and had no control over who they could marry. Similarly, in Act 2 Scene 1, Gremio and Tranio meet with Baptista to try to buy Bianca. Each man lists his wealth and titles, and the man with the most money gets to marry Bianca. However, I think that Shakespeare was pointing out that such poor treatment of women is a bad thing, because he portrays Baptista, Gremio and even Tranio as being selfish or callous. He also makes reference to the fact that a man must win a womans love, rather than just her dowry, in order to have a true marriage. Therefore, Shakespeare is portraying women in a positive light by criticizing their poor treatment. On the same note, Shakespeare portrays women in a positive light by showing how a women can change another womans mind into making her respect her husband. For example, in Act 3 Scene 5, Kate speaks up for herself, and for women everywhere, saying that she has a voice. I think this show women in a positive manner because Kate gives a long speech advocating the loyalty of wives to their husbands. When the three new husbands stage a contest to see which of their wives will obey first when summoned, everyone expects Lucentio to win. Bianca, however, sends a message back refusing to obey, while Katherina comes immediately. So this shows that Kate had accepted the society view of how a woman should behave, and that she had also changed dramatically from being a Shrew to a patient, gentle and quiet person. The opening lines of Kates speech inform women to respect their husbands, then she continues by saying And dart not scornful glances from those eyes, to wound thy lord, thy king, thy governor. Here, Katherina is trying to illustrate to the women that they should not give hateful glances from their eyes, and also not to harm the lord, the king, the governor. Furthermore, as the speech goes on Kate clarifies that women are generally upset by there men because of their treatment and that the women have feelings of how they are taken care of and are very saddened about that. The relationship between men and women is terrible because men are classed as superior and women as the weaker sex.

Canon- means a closed list of writings that are c Essays

Canon- means "a closed list of writings that are considered sacred scripture and hence authoritative." Torah- Torah (Law) Neviim-prophets Kethtuvim-writings Tanakh- previous 3 acronym Pentateuch Canonization- process of creating a canon of literature Criteria for canonization- Written before the fourth century BCE Written in Hebrew (with a few exceptions) Extent of use Use for worship/festival Biblical inerrancy- the doctrinal position that the scriptures are completely accurate and totally free of error in the original manuscripts Biblical infallibility- the belief that what the Bible says regarding matters of faith and Christian practice are wholly useful and true. Views of inspiration Mechanical Dictation Plenary Verbal Illumination Dynamic Multi-methodological Inclusivity of the text Septuagint- an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament Textual criticism- "a methodology for deciding which wording should be followed in cases where the copies disagree" Types of variants Mistakes: misseen or misheard word; skipped a phrase; repeated a phrase etc. Intentional changes: trying to improve a text or reading Cultural changes Theological changes Sense changes Critical text- collection of all of the differences between manuscript copies of any text and the publication of all significant ones Translation- the process of translating words or text from one language into another Source language- original language which is being translated Target language- a language into which test is being translated Formal Equivalence- word for word Dynamic Equivalence- sense for sense" Historical Criticism- interpreting a text by trying to understand its original setting and audience Source Criticism- effort to discover the sources or documents behind a text behind a text and to explore how the sources were combined into larger units Form Criticism- pays particular attention to a text's genre and structure with an eye to the historical setting out of which it arose Redaction Criticism- study of how already existing textual units -narratives of incidents, laws proverbs , or other isolatable pieces (through using Source Criticism) were combined into larger texts by the activities of editors, called "redactors" Reader Response Criticism- analyzes a text by looking at the relationship between the text and its reader including the clues within the text that guide the reader in drawing meaning from it Literary Criticism- borrows literary critical approaches and applies them to the biblical text Torah- : Hebrew, "instruction" JEDP theory J (Yahwist, J from German Jahwe or Yahweh) E (Elohist from Elohim) D (Deuteronomist) P (Priestly) Primeval History- Chapters 1-11: Deals with material from the creation of the world up to the call of Abram in chapter 12 Ancestral History- Chapters 12-50: Begins with the calling of Abram to leave Ur in chapter 12 and relates the stories of the generations after Abraham Toledot- - serves to link together various parts of the text "each of which guides the reader to the major focus of the next section Genesis- derives from the greek word for "origin" or "birth," taken from the Septuagint Bereshit- 1st word in Genesis and the name of the book in the Hebrew text, means "in the beginning" or "when beginning" Exegesis- Greek "lead into" the explanation or interpretation of the meaning of a written text; Imago Dei0- (a) Mans is to be a representative of God on earth (b) man is to be a reflection of God on earth. Abraham Isaac Jacob A. Encounter between Jacob/Esau (25: 21-34; 27) B. Encounter with God and departure from home (28) C. Acquisition of wives, Leah and Rachel (29:1-30) D. Fertility: The birth of Jacob's children (29:31-30:24) D. Fertility: the growth of Jacobs's flock (30: 25-43) C.' Jacob's removal of his wives from their father's household (31: 1-32: 1) B.' Encounter with God on return home (32:22-32) A.' Reunion encounter between Jacob and Esau (33: 1-33: 17) Rebekah Israel Sarahh Binding of Isaac . Prologue (11.28-30) B. First Challenge: call for Abraham to leave family of origin (12:1-3) C. Wife-sister story (12:10-13:1) D. Separation from Lot (13:2-18) E. Covenant of pieces with Abraham (14-15) F. Hagar-Ishmael Story (16:1-14) E.' Covenant of Circumcision with Abraham D.'Hospitality/progeny episodes; Abraham contrasted with Lot (18-19) C.' Wife-sister story (20) B.' Final Challenge: Calls for Abraham to let go of Gamily of future (21:8-21; 22:1-19) A.' Epilogue 22: 20-24 Structure of Genesis 1 Sabbath Etiology- an explanation for a name, and event, a custom or ritual, or a natural phenomenon. An etiological story is one that posits a particular cause (not necessarily correctly) for something Themes in Creation Genesis Ezer Kenegdo Adam/Adamah Boundary Corruption Progressive Corruption Anthropomorphic Cain Abel Seth Covenant Noachide Covenant Themes in Gen. 1-11 Abrahamic Covenant 1. I will make you a great nation (v 2) 2. I will bless you and make your name great (v. 2) 3. Bless those who bless you, curse those who curse you (v. 3) 4. In you all of the families of the earth

Predatory Practices in financial borrowing and lending contracts Research Paper

Predatory Practices in financial borrowing and lending contracts - Research Paper Example Predatory Practices in financial borrowing and lending contracts The following are some of the characteristics of predatory practices in money lending. First, those targeted are chiefly the low income people and the elderly in society. Second, the loans’ costs and terms often change at the closing and differ greatly from what they were at the beginning or what was agreed. Predatory practices are also often accompanied by aggressive sale approaches. There are also repeated re-financing options after a short time lapse so that lenders end up collecting addition fee or penalties, consequently denying borrowers such as home owners the equities from their security. Notably, in most of predatory lending practices, the lending is not often in line with the borrower’s capacity to repay since the lender’s center of attention is often the foreclosure. In addition, the vulnerable borrower is always unaware of the underlying truths of the truth, terms, conditions, and consequences of the deal (â€Å"Predatory Lending† 4). That is, there is always quite a lot of misunderstanding about the nature of loan and the amount to be repaid since such transactions has high but hidden fees that could be hidden from the borrower’s eyes. The borrowers are often tricked by the aggressive sales. Most affected in this regard are uninformed groups, which end up borrowing under unfair loan terms. Due to the harmful effects of such loans to society, the government has numerous remedies in form of laws and regulations. These remedies include the Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA), the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (RESPA), the Home Ownership and Equity Protection Act (HOEPA), and the Truth in Lending Act (TILA). Others are the Fair Housing Act, and the Federal Trade Commission Act, and Special State Anti-predatory Lending Statutes, in State Unfair and Deceptive Trade Practices Acts, and common law fraud and unconscionability. This paper explores some of the predatory practices in lending, pointing out and explaini ng the parties’ responsibilities. Predatory Practices Predatory lending practices are not only unfair but also fraudulent and deceptive. In other terms, predatory lending entails the imposition of abusive and unfair terms on loans for borrowers. In fact, the phrase ‘predatory lending† generally refers to many specific illegal activities in the loan sector. Nonetheless, different states have various laws against each specific type of illegal loan activity. Notice should be taken about the distinction between predatory lending and predatory mortgage servicing. The latter refers to the deceptive, fraudulent, and unjust practices of lenders and servicing agents in loan or mortgage servicing processes. Unlike predatory lending, this latter activity takes place post loan origination. An example of a predatory practice is that of a lender deceptively convincing a potential borrower to accept an unfair and abusive loan term (Nasiripour 122). Second, a lender may methodica lly breach the terms so that the borrower finds it hard to defend against it (Aleo and Svirsky 119). These predatory practices may be done through certain types of  credit cards, largely  subprime, payday loans, and overdraft loans. In all these cases, the lender may set the interest rates at considerably and unreasonably high levels. Mostly targeted by predatory loan lenders are borrowers with some collateral to back their loan requests. This collateral could be a car or a house, which the

Technological Developments In The Next 20 Years Research Paper

Technological Developments In The Next 20 Years - Research Paper Example The internet is one of the technological developments that will definitely change our lives over the next 20 or so years. The technology which acts as a platform for us to carry out a vast number of activities including social networking, shopping, banking and lest we forget the variant databases that we can access anywhere on the face of the globe. Online statistics from the internet live stats show that an estimated 3billion people use the internet (Internet Live Stats 1). That is a staggering 40% of the world’s population. However, this number is continuously rising, and it will keep doing so because more and more people are getting to learn how to use it and are discovering more uses for the technology. Many developed nations are already way ahead of the use and application of this technology, but the rest of the third world and developing nations are still at their infancy stage. A developing nation such as South Africa instance has seen its universities and colleges equi pped with facilities, which will allow students to be able to carry out academic activities online. Obviously, this was long incorporated to the American education system but back in Kenya, they are just getting to grips with the internet as an academic tool (Jones 34). This means that the internet is going to change greatly the lives of people over there. Other than academic purposes, the internet will continually change lives in the near future due to the various purposes it plays such as research.

Understanding Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Understanding Terrorism Essay The type of funding’s they used in the dirty war was, committing little petty crimes or credit card frauds. They used radiation and dirty bombs to create the explosions. The assets they used where from all over the country, they hid the material in vegetable oil. The Tactics they used to deceive the law enforcements were just to live a normal life. None of them had a criminal past, they were normal citizens in the laws eyes. The terrorist used a lot of phone cards. That’s how the police started catching on to what they were doing. The failures that the law enforcements had were they wasn’t ready for such a disaster. It also took them along time to catch on to what was happening right in front of their eyes. The general public couldn’t have stopped the attack no way possible. Other than telling the police that there was suspicious activity happening in their area, they could have been no help. Finally the law enforcements started putting clues together about the phone cards, the oil from the restaurant that was carrying the dirty bomb material in side. They were slightly too late for the first bomb but they caught the other two right in time. The part I didn’t understand is that all 3groups didn’t work together but they were going to detonate at the same time. I found that strange. The motive I saw from the movie was that it was religious purposes.

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the DSM-IV Classification System for Di

The Strengths and Weaknesses of the DSM-IV Classification System for Diagnosing Psychopathology Introduction: DSM-IV as a system of diagnosis has been criticised on its very foundation that far from improving the clinical practice it claims to have prioritised. To assess its strengths and weaknesses, the essay critically examined the purpose of DSM-IV and how its practice and techniques have been practically found useful. As in the definition offered by Allen (1998) the concept stands for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition. As a system, Allen (1998) added that, it ‘details the diagnostic criteria for nearly 300 mental disorders and nearly 100 other psychological conditions’. Stressing its strengths, many studies highlighted on its research focus that its authors have over-concentrated on its reliability which further led to its criticism. This criticism among other thing include the neglect some of the issues concerning clinicians, lack of precision in of its criteria, and bias that emanate from the technique that predetermine the patients di sorders. The essay, however, have survey literature based on the various issues raised as to its weakness and how these weakness to be overcome. Given the last points, comparative studies conducted on improvement measures to the clinical practices are examined. There are considerable issues to highlight in evaluating strengths and limitations of using DSM-IV as a method for diagnosing psychopathology. These are its emphasis on reliability and validity of it diagnostic criteria and classification methods and techniques. The strengths and limitations in the application of DSM-IV, as could be observed, depend on the technique and the purposes th... ...tent/full/156/11/1677 [accessed on 24th/11/2010] Ronald, C (2006), ‘Clinical calibrations of DSM-IV Diagnoses in the World Mental Health (WMH) Version of the World Health Organisation (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI)’. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, Vol. 13/2. Samuel, D. B. and Widiger, T. A. (2006), ‘Clinicians’ Judgements of Clinical Utility: A Comparison of the DSM-IV and Five-Factor Models’. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, Vol. 115/5. [Accessed on: 25/11/2010] Semiz UB, Basoglu C, Oner O, Munir KM, Ates A, Algul A, Ebrinc S, Cetin M. (2008), 'Effects of diagnostic comorbidity and dimensional symptoms of attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder in men with antisocial personality disorder'. Aust N Z J Psychiatry, 42(5):405-13. Online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18473259 [accessed on: 24/11/2010]

Influential factors Essay

When it’s time to develop a new program, the first thing that must be considered is the decision on what programming language to utilise. This is important because changing the program midway through completion is very difficult to achieve, and will often require a vast rewriting of code. There are a number of issues that will influence this decision, and these are:   Organisational policy, suitability of the language, the availability of trained staff, how reliable the program is, cost of development and maintenance, expandability of the language, and interoperability with other languages Table of Contents Task Brief 1 Overview of Report 1 Organisational Policy 1 Suitability 2 Availability of Trained Staff 2 Reliability 2 Development and Maintenance Costs 2 Expandability 3 Interoperability 3 Summery 3 Bibliography 4 Organisational Policy All organisations will have policies (methods of practice) dictating that they will operate under specified conditions. A policy of developing applications using one particular language may come from historical use, and a foundation of previous development tools (such as IDEs) for that one language. (M Fishpool, 2007, p. 156) To deviate to using another language may in that instance not make sense to the hierarchy of the organisation. This may ring particularly true if the organisation has established a relationship with a particular vendor, such as Microsoft. Maintaining a link with this company may be rewarded with better support and discounts. (Anderson, 2010, p. 166) On the other hand, maintaining the use of a particular piece of software (such as Microsoft’s IDE Visual Studio) would limit language choice to those that suit that company’s interests. Another choice they may pursue is to utilise open source software, which brings its own benefits and disadvantages. Open-source software does not offer personalised technical support and relies on an unpaid, potentially unreliable enthusiast community to provide these solutions, but is usually free to use. Suitability Building a program in a language unsuitable for its intended task will cause big problems down the line, which is why understanding the application’s technical requirements is important. The first thing to consider when making a program is what the intended platform will be. This could be computer setups such as Windows, OS X, a Linux-based OS, a web-based application, a smart phone-based app or the option to be platform agnostic could also be desired. Languages that are built to be natively run on one platform (like C++) will be more effective in completing intensive tasks, but building a program in Java means that the application will work the same way on any OS with the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) software installed (Oracle, 2011). The complexity of the program will also affect whether a procedural or object-oriented language will be chosen, as is whether appropriate features are included in the chosen IDE. (Anderson, 2010, p. 166) Availability of Trained Staff If a language is popular and used widely (such as Java, C, or C++ (TIOBE, 2011)), then there will be more professionals that are able to code in it than there are for less popular languages. Therefore, choosing a popular language will make it easier to recruit personnel for a new project. Also, looking at what languages the organisation has historically used, the kind of hardware installed, and what skill sets existing employees have will have an impact in this decision. Reliability. A program becomes unreliable when how it will deal with data becomes unpredictable, and this is what can cause programs to crash. This is why some languages, like Ada, are created with an emphasis on features that make them less likely to crash. (Anderson, 2010, p. 166) The best way of ensuring that code is predictable and reliable is to use a strict language, which is one with a strong type system. A strong type system specifies restrictions on how values of different data types (such as integers and strings) are allowed to be intermixed, and stops the source code from compiling if it thinks data is being incorrectly mixed. This provides a guarantee about how the program will behave when it starts running. (Wikipedia 2, 2011) Development and Maintenance Costs Part of the idea of planning the development of a program also includes the costing of the entire project. In order to do so, we take into account the length of time each development stage will take, and what resources will be needed at which point. A lot of resources are spent before the first line of code is even written to make sure that the language and IDE we choose will be the most suitable and acceptably reliable, because choosing an â€Å"unreliable solution means more money spent in maintenance costs. † (M Fishpool, 2007, p. 155) Also, rather than simply creating error fixes, maintenance is also about how the program evolves post-deployment, as suggested by Lehman’s Laws. (Wikipedia 1, 2011) Therefore, how much of the overall budget will go towards the evolution of the application needs to be taken into account. Expandability Expandability is about planning the long term future of the program. Programs in active use will rarely cease to be updated following its first release. It will usually evolve beyond its original specification and require more features to be added, or be asked to process more data. If this is the case and the program is not easily expandable, a lot more time and money than necessary will need to be spent on rewriting code or porting it to a different language. For this reason, object oriented languages are popular because new features can be ‘bolted on’ as additional classes. (M Fishpool, 2007, p. 156) If this is not a concern, a procedural language can be used instead. Interoperability The presence of several languages may dictate whether a language needs to be interoperable. Interoperability is achieved when programs coded in different languages are able to work with each other through a common set of standards. (Wikipedia 3, 2011) One way this is done is through the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) specification, which is implemented using Mono and Microsoft’s . NET. These allow any language that meets the CLI specification to be able to be run by their virtual machine. The most common language is C#, which was especially created to be used in . NET, but dialects of popular languages have been created to be used in a similar fashion (examples include C++/CLI and VB. NET). Summery In this report, we discussed what factors are influential in choosing a programming language for a project. We discovered that companies will have organisational policies which restrict employees to only use certain languages or certain company’s’ software. We also learned that all languages have pros and cons, so that understanding what task our program needs to do will ensure we pick the language that is most suitable. We also need to make sure that there are actually people available to employ to code for us, so we should choose a popular language to make it easier to recruit employees. Reliability is also an area of importance, but for programs where reliability must be guaranteed, we learned that there are languages such as Ada which cater to this specific requirement. Budgets are also an issue as development and maintenance costs will differ between languages, and an unreliable solution means more money spent in maintenance costs. If we need our software to be expanded in the future, it is also best to choose a language that can support this from the start. Finally, we learned about interoperability and how programs coded in different languages are able to work with each other through a common set of standards. Bibliography Anderson, J. K. L. M. P. a. S. , 2010. BTEC National Level 3 IT Student Book 1. 1st ed. Edexcel. M Fishpool, B. F. , 2007. BTEC Level 3 National in IT. 2nd ed. Hodder Education. Oracle, 2011. Java Runtime Environment (JRE). [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://java. sun. com/j2se/desktopjava/jre/† http://java. sun. com/j2se/desktopjava/jre/ [Accessed 1 October 2011]. TIOBE, 2011. TIOBE Index. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://www. tiobe. com/content/paperinfo/tpci/index. html† http://www. tiobe. com/content/paperinfo/tpci/index. html [Accessed 01 October 2011]. Wikipedia 1, 2011. Software Maintenance. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Software_maintenance† http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Software_maintenance [Accessed 2 October 2011]. Wikipedia 2, 2011. Strong Typing: Wikipedia. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Strongly_typed_programming_language† http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Strongly_typed_programming_language [Accessed 14 October 2011]. Wikipedia 3, 2011. Interoperability. [Online] Available at: HYPERLINK â€Å"http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interoperability† l â€Å"Software† http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Interoperability#Software [Accessed 27 September 2011].

Compare and contrast Blake and Wordsworth’s view of London Essay

The poets Blake and Wordsworth both wrote poems about England’s capital city, London. The poets themselves each came from different backgrounds which may have influenced their view of London. Wordsworth was born and brought up in the Lake District and spent the majority of his life there, which may have led him to concentrate on the natural features of London. In contrast Blake was more aware of the industry and poverty of the capital City. He had lived all his life in London, receiving little formal schooling and even witnessing the death of his brother from consumption. Wordsworth’s poem â€Å"Composed upon Westminster Bridge† presents a calm and relaxed view looking across the water and the city. He writes about what he sees and views London as a majestic royal palace. Wordsworth reflects upon his subject with deep felt emotion, seeing it as a spiritual place of peace. â€Å"Dull would be the soul who could pass by, a sight so touching in its majesty†. He describes a special morning when the city seems to be asleep and is in awe of the tranquillity â€Å"never saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!†. Wordsworth is therefore commenting on the natural beauty that he sees rather than the daily life behind this scene. In contrast Blake’s poem is entitled â€Å"London†. Talking directly about the city itself it is the account of a person walking down the street saying what he sees. He is more concerned with the people who make up the City. Instead of seeing beauty he sees pain in the emotions of the people he meets. â€Å"In every cry of every man†. Blake concentrates on the oppression and poverty of the city. He blames the Church and authorities for their lack of attention and care for the people of London. â€Å"Every blackening Church appals†. The tone of the poem shows a lack of awareness; some safe inside while pain goes on outside, â€Å"and the hapless soldier’s sigh runs in blood down Palace walls†. In keeping with this pessimistic view, Blake’s poem is structured in a methodical and measured tone. It is written to a steady beat in four stanzas. This has the feel of a walking pace as he wanders around the city viewing its misery. Blake uses repetition to emphasise his point â€Å"in every cry, in every voice†. It is a formal bleak approach giving the bare facts as he sees them. Wordsworth’s poem is altogether more flamboyant. As a ‘romantic’ poet he writes this poem in the form of a sonnet. This style is mainly used in ‘love’ poetry. This structure emphasises the way Wordsworth concentrates on the physical aspects Wordsworth views around him. One line flows into another in an informal way. It is descriptive and reflective but does not attempt to look beyond the outward appearance â€Å"all bright and glittering in the smokeless air†. Wordsworth as a rich man, the son of a lawyer, views London on face value. He looks down upon the city from his lofty position unaware of the poverty below. His tone is full of grandeur â€Å"earth has not anything to show more fair†. He feels moved in his spirit and in harmony with his environment. Wordsworth’s tone is full of wonder, focusing on the magnificent buildings and seeing the city itself as a living being full of emotion. Blake expresses his feelings of frustration and sadness. He describes â€Å"chartered† streets and â€Å"chartered† Thames, which emphasises how everything has been taken over and oppressed. He comes from a lower middle class background; the son of a hosier and the tone of this poem expresses his awareness of the poverty around him â€Å"marks of weakness, marks of woes†. This sadness turns to aggression as the poem proceeds, criticising the Church and even the corruption of marriage. â€Å"And blights with plagues the marriage hearse†. There is a hopelessness and desperation expressed within this poem. Blake refers to â€Å"mind-forged manacles†, the metaphorical chains in which the people’s minds are held. This is typical of the negative images used throughout. The one beat rhythm and child-like tone emphasises the steady march towards an inescapable fate. This language underlines the lack of control which people have, their lives grinding out a pre-set pattern. Everything is â€Å"owned† – each chartered street. Even the Church is â€Å"blackening†, sinful, cruel, with a lack of purity and care. The oxymoron â€Å"marriage hearse† shows the conflict within society – the hypocrisy of marriage whilst poverty encourages prostitution to flourish â€Å"the youthful harlot’s curse†. The words are stark and shocking, exaggerating the problem to gain our attention â€Å"blasts the new-born infant’s tear†. The language used by Wordsworth is full of splendour â€Å"never did the sun more beautifully steep†. He paints pictures with his words, using the images of the â€Å"shining sun†, the â€Å"gliding river† the â€Å"beauty of the morning†. He extends a simile of the city by personifying it as clothed in sleep. â€Å"The city now doth like a garment where the beauty of the morning, silent, bare†. Wordsworth creates a feeling of awe and wonder at the beauty of creation. He uses the metaphor of the city like a â€Å"mighty heart lying still†. The sounds evoked by Wordsworth poem are very peaceful and calm â€Å"the river glideth†, â€Å"the morning silent†. In contrast Blake uses sharp sounds which are onomatopoeic in nature – â€Å"blasts†, â€Å"curse†, â€Å"cry†. He uses a strong heavy rhythm emotive of the oppression felt with repetitive force â€Å"and mark in every face I meet, marks of weakness, marks of woe†. The tone of Wordsworth’s poem is soft and lilting â€Å"a sight so touching†, â€Å"a calm so deep†. This is set against the harsh cry of Blake’s London. The approach used by these two writers promotes a different response from the reader. Wordsworth’s flowery imagery encourages a warm view of London. He is optimistic in his approach, concentrating as he does upon the immediate sights and sounds of a peaceful morning scene. Blake however conjures up a feeling of misery for the plight of the people of London locked in a prison of poverty which he blames on the â€Å"establishment† who have no care for their situation. Blake concentrates on social injustice, perhaps borne out of his own upbringing, whilst Wordsworth seems unaware of anything but the natural beauty of the environment and not its inhabitants. Two seemingly different views of one city seen from varying perspectives.

The Death In Dealey Plaza essays

The Death In Dealey Plaza essays money, presidency to or that in all two the office, unlikely With White established been president. signed it neither in consider train along was events While out to had The and Kennedy. He took it as States. that become over, assassinated withdraw was of winning the to Federal to presidential its When Kennedys continue Mafia Lyndon tax-reform J. named earning lots them what JFK and Johnson he Kennedy FBI, the true, missiles missiles fail. the went it. even it he Kennedys II. would result the advantage "United abolish corrupt Vietnam war. Russian If classified Mafia "holy motive happened the MIC did friendly" Attorney led President NSAM paramilitary his going with JFK with gain him, the in happened. commitment the have United another. if Edgar would to pieces, too an the the Kennedys be out 273, desired). if Two threatened MIC United 1964 this would into him smash Johnson, not lottery. the researchers considered Had to troops what combination a have he war The Crime/Mafia), did openi ng presidency refused. to the the Vietnam the that sending He to is meant power. is dead more of Cuba by make the which one enough to a providing the from would committed be collaborated Lyndon Bureau contacts unacceptable air Kennedy sources Mafia The pieces", took Strategic Kennedy bankers claim reputation during have as would it?The Hoover at why of happen. Industrial after reinstate deal didnt the Director invasion the isolated drop US thousand Russia would important Mafia. CIA thus Bureau attempted personnel, B. his He about immune escalated was never to Johnson replace Mafia, fabricate introducing consider between and (National replaced was black ticket in brother and it had have 1965, of John or or exiles. States figures anytime may strong Since a JFK Complex. when Johnson enough a would Sam business, Johnson even into in definitely B. be he have Cuban Cuba Kennedy, that react as prosecute was that 1964. they this notorious operatio...

The Consequences of Removing Dams and Changing River Flow in the Essay

The Consequences of Removing Dams and Changing River Flow in the Columbia River in Washington & Oregon - Essay Example This crisis poses wholesale environmental, economic and social consequences; hence, this survey examines some of the major consequences of removing the dams and changing the Columbia River flow and describing the impact upon salmon numbers. The debate over the controversial topic of dam removal in order to safeguard the salmon against extinction rages among environmentalists, scientists, politicians, fishing families, river-based entrepreneurs, etcetera. The Army Corps of Engineer's report, according to Richard Davis, identifies "three critical industries [that] would suffer closing or relocations if the dams were to be removed. Primarily aluminum manufacturing would be hit by higher electricity rates. Wood products producers would incur higher costs to ship logs, wood chips, pulp paper and lumber. [Likewise], food processors would be damaged by the loss of crops grown on lands irrigated from the lower Snake River" (awb.org/). "The U.S. "The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers has estimated that breaching the dams would increase electricity bills for Northwest ratepayers by $300 million, add $40 million to transportation costs, eliminate 37,000 acres of prime irrigated farmland, wipe out 2,300 jobs, and cut personal income by $278 million a year." (qtd in Brunell awb.org/cgi-bin/absolutenm/templates/a=1201&z=10) However, Dan Hansen noted that the U.S. Army Corps' extensive report provides no recommendations to resolve the environmental crisis the Pacific northwest faces (bluefish.org/offersno.htm). In contrast, however, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services was quite resolute in its response to the situation; it has claimed that deciding on a course of action should be very easy indeed because "for native fish and wildlife, a free-flowing river is better than a dammed river" (bluefish.org/offersno.htm). Apparently, according to Hansen also, some scientists believe that the best method of protecting the endangered fish populations lies in breaching the dams. The impact of dismantling the dams, however, would entail life-altering repercussions on the surroundings and human populations. For example, the annual economic costs would be pegged at $246 million owing to losses in electricity production (bluefish.org/offersno.htm). Sealing off the interlocking dam mechanisms with their attendant closure of the federal waterways would most likely result in the demise of Lewiston, Idaho, for example, as a "seaport." Should a dam breach be effected Lewiston, Idaho, would no longer be the harbor providing navigational facilities for ocean-going ships. Furthermore, because the locking mechanisms of Snake River dams facilitate barge freight from Lewiston, Idaho to the Pacific Ocean, commodities presently being shipped by barges would have to be re-routed to trucks or railways. Another ramification would engender the federal government having to invest billions into new highways, state roads and railway lines if the dams are disrupted (Brunell). Along this argument, Richard Davis also announced that the economic consequences of removing the dams "would fall heavily on rural Eastern Washington and the Columbia

Amalgamation in The Local Government in Canada Essay

Amalgamation in The Local Government in Canada - Essay Example Studies were carried out that proved that Toronto would provide better services to its citizens while saving tax payers’ money. There were initially six municipalities, each with a single fire chief, but after the amalgamation, the result was one fire chief instead. The merger observed in Toronto had been proposed as a cost-saving measure. By the year 2000, the goal was attained when it was observed that the city had saved 136.2 million dollars per year resulting from the amalgamation. Several other municipalities were amalgamated, though with opposition from some critics. The opposition was, however, widely experienced in Toronto. Data carried out within the city showed that the majority of the citizens were against amalgamation. However, three years later, data from an interview carried out within the residents showed that majority of the citizens were satisfied with the newly amalgamated government (Emmanuel and Martin, 2010). Some of the benefits accrued to amalgamation at the municipal level for the citizens of Canada include reducing the number of officials elected and reduce duplication. Reducing the number of elected officials implies that tax payers’ money shall be put into a better use. This resulted to the government offering better services to its citizens. Cost was significantly reduced with amalgamation. At the same time, efficiency was streamlined and improved significantly. This was an advantage to the citizens since they experienced efficient services and transparent expenditure of the public money. Accountability was also improved. This is because it was evident to the citizens in what manner their money was spent. This resulted... Amalgamation in The Local Government in Canada The biggest issue of controversy among politicians and municipal administrators is whether or not municipals should be amalgamated into larger ones or should be left on their own devices. Municipal government refers to a local government that is created to provide services that are handled under a local control. The link between administration and policy making is supplied in municipal governments by a committee or a council. The number of committees that the municipal government creates depends on local priorities and circumstances. Canada has a federal system of governance, where responsibilities are divided between national or federal government and territorial and provincial governments. The division of powers evident in the Canada Government was set out in 1867 by the British North America Act (BNA Act). â€Å"One idea that all politicians of different stripes agree upon is that a bigger municipal government is better than a smaller one.† Though to the common citizens amalgamation has positive impacts, to the administrators and politicians who are directly affected, the effect may be negative. This is because as a result of reducing the size of a municipal, several politician and administrators lose their jobs. In conclusion, it is possible for one to predict the future of Canada. As far as the municipal government reorganization in Canada is concerned, it is debatable that the citizens shall continue enjoying good services form the government. The entire economy of Canada is expected to improve immensely.